The significant correlations were found between K-COVID-related-PTSD and other related variables, as well as the CI value of each correlation. Regarding the effect size, the value fell between 0.103 and 0.408, interpreted as small to moderate level. As presented in Table 6, The K-COVID-related-PTSD and its subscales displayed a strong positive correlation with PTSD symptoms, somatization, depression, anxiety, and anger. Additionally, the full scale and its subscales displayed a comparatively low positive correlation with negative affect, job burnout, and suicidal ideation.
1st- check Microsoft Office 32bit or 64bit. Note: On the Mac, there is no choice between running a 32-bit or 64-bit version of the operating system, since the OS has been 64-bit for several years. Office for Mac 2011 was only available in a 32-bit version, and Office for Mac 2016 is now only available in a 64-bit version. 2nd- Install Access Database Engine. I give you the link. -us/download/details.aspx?id=54920 and click download and it's better to download 64bit. 3rd - Open your Visual Studio Project, Right click and locate the properties of the project.
download spss 16 full version 32 65
Download File: https://shoxet.com/2vEPdp
Studies were included if one of the aim(s) was to: translate and culturally adapt the MSPSS; evaluate the psychometrical properties of translated version(s) of the MSPSS or if they measured SS using translated versions of the MSPSS. Additionally, only studies applying a quantitative study designs and reporting on the psychometrics of the translated, 12-item version of the MSPSS were included. Due to limitation in resources for translation, only full text articles published in English were included. Studies based in more than one country that applied the MSPSS as an outcome measure, commentaries, review articles and studies which utilized several linguistic versions of the MSPSS were excluded. Additionally, studies which utilized both the original version of the MSPSS and the translated version were also excluded as the aim of the review was to appraise the psychometric properties of the translated versions of the MSPSS.
As an illustration, articles on the translation and adaptation of the French version of the MSPSS were retrieved as follows: multidimensional scale of perceived social support OR MSPSS OR mspss AND translation OR translated OR translat* AND france OR France OR French OR french OR francias.
A previously described study selection process was utilized [60, 61]. One author (JD) ran the search strategy across all databases. Two independent reviewers (MC and LC) then selected the eligible titles and abstracts for further investigation using a predefined search strategy. Reviewers resolved disagreements about inclusion through discussion, and a, third reviewer (JD) was brought in if the two reviewers could not agree. Another author (MC) manually searched the reference lists of identified articles to screen full texts for inclusion.
The standard of care for MRI-negative CD is highly disputed. There is evidence suggesting surgical exploration is more problematic than watchful waiting [8], or that it is not indicated in MRI-negative CD [54]. Many advancements have led to the widespread adoption of transsphenoidal approach during the last three decades, especially the endoscope [31]. Regardless of the width or depth of access, the endoscopic approach allows the surgeon to have a large panoramic view. Many cases in the literature have reported successfully treating functional pituitary tumors via endoscopic surgery [27, 31, 55,56,57,58]. The results suggest that they are on par with, if not superior to, traditional microscopic approaches. When patients were operated on utilizing a microscopic technique assisted by a pre-operative ACTH gradient, the overall rate of partial adenomectomy (partial hypophysectomy) was 30%, including 19% in patients with positive MRIs and 40% in those with negative MRIs [28]. However, endoscopic visualization of pituitary adenomas has allowed for the need for partial adenomectomy to be reduced to less than 2%, limiting the damage to the normal pituitary gland during operation [28]. A recently published meta-analysis demonstrated that although there was no statistically significant differences between EETS and microscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery in the sub-analysis with regards to recurrence rate, remission rate, and persistence rate, the recurrence rate in the microscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery group was almost three times higher than in the EETS group [11]. As a result, EETS appears to be a possible suggested therapeutic method, while more studies are needed to establish the therapeutic method of choice [59].
Important This section, method, or task contains steps that tell you how to modify the registry. However, serious problems might occur if you modify the registry incorrectly. Therefore, make sure that you follow these steps carefully. For added protection, back up the registry before you modify it. Then, you can restore the registry if a problem occurs. For more information about how to back up and restore the registry, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base: 322756 How to back up and restore the registry in WindowsTo reset the Windows Installer Service settings in the registry, create a registry file by using Notepad. Then, run the file to update the registry key. To do this, follow these steps:
Proprietary software packages were used to initialize and download data from each respective accelerometer brand (Additional file 1: Table A2). Raw tri-axial accelerations (units in g) were extracted from each accelerometer and adapted to the file format compatible with Acti4 (.act4) [1]. For inclusion in analysis, data from all three accelerometers was required with discernible data from at least one complete 24-h period (midnight to midnight). Measurement periods between the semi-standardized session and midnight on the first day were excluded, as were periods between the last midnight time point and accelerometer removal, leaving a maximum of six days of recording for analysis.
All authors contributed in planning and designing the protocol and finalizing the manuscript. ES and AH conceived the idea for the study. PC was responsible for data collection, analysis, and drawing up a first draft of the manuscript in close collaboration with ES and AH. All authors have reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors take full responsibility for, have read, and approved the final manuscript.
Finally, Dr. Nicole Beebe from The University of Texas at San Antonio posted samples of more than 32 file types at the Digital Corpora, which I used for verification and additional signatures. These files were used to develop the Sceadan File Type Classifier. The file samples can be downloaded from the Digital Corpora website.
We downloaded the gene expression profile from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database ( ). Dataset GSE17025 was processed by Affymetrix Human Gene 2.0 ST Array [transcript (gene) version] (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA). In order to identify hub genes and pathways in this research, we used the processed data to filter DEGs, set up PPI networks and co-expression networks. Dataset GSE17025 includes 91 tumor tissue samples and 12 normal tissue samples.
An important supplement to Fortran 95 was the ISO technical report TR-15581: Enhanced Data Type Facilities, informally known as the Allocatable TR. This specification defined enhanced use of ALLOCATABLE arrays, prior to the availability of fully Fortran 2003-compliant Fortran compilers. Such uses include ALLOCATABLE arrays as derived type components, in procedure dummy argument lists, and as function return values. (ALLOCATABLE arrays are preferable to POINTER-based arrays because ALLOCATABLE arrays are guaranteed by Fortran 95 to be deallocated automatically when they go out of scope, eliminating the possibility of memory leakage. In addition, elements of allocatable arrays are contiguous, and aliasing is not an issue for optimization of array references, allowing compilers to generate faster code than in the case of pointers.[37])
A full description of the Fortran language features brought by Fortran 95 is covered in the related article, Fortran 95 language features. The language versions defined by later standards are often referred to collectively as 'Modern Fortran' and are described in the literature.
The PATH Study was launched in 2011 to inform the Food and Drug Administration's regulatory activities under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (TCA). The PATH Study is a collaboration between the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The study sampled over 150,000 mailing addresses across the United States to create a national sample of tobacco users and non-users.\n45,971 adults and youth constitute the first (baseline) wave, Wave 1, of data collected by this longitudinal cohort study. These 45,971 adults and youth along with 7,207 \"shadow youth\" (youth ages 9 to 11 sampled at Wave 1) make up the 53,178 participants that constitute the Wave 1 Cohort. Respondents are asked to complete an interview at each follow-up wave. Youth who turn 18 by the current wave of data collection are considered \"aged-up adults\" and are invited to complete the Adult Interview. Additionally, \"shadow youth\" are considered \"aged-up youth\" upon turning 12 years old, when they are asked to complete an interview after parental consent.\nAt Wave 4, a probability sample of 14,098 adults, youth, and shadow youth ages 10 to 11 was selected from the civilian, noninstitutionalized population at the time of Wave 4. This sample was recruited from residential addresses not selected for Wave 1 in the same sampled Primary Sampling Unit (PSU)s and segments using similar within-household sampling procedures. This \"replenishment sample\" was combined for estimation and analysis purposes with Wave 4 adult and youth respondents from the Wave 1 Cohort who were in the civilian, noninstitutionalized population at the time of Wave 4. This combined set of Wave 4 participants, 52,731 participants in total, forms the Wave 4 Cohort.\nPlease refer to the Restricted-Use Files User Guide that provides further details about children designated as \"shadow youth\" and the formation of the Wave 1 and Wave 4 Cohorts.\nDataset 0002 (DS0002) contains the data from the State Design Data. This file contains 7 variables and 67,276 cases. The state identifier in the State Design file reflects the participant's state of residence at the time of selection and recruitment for the PATH Study.\nDataset 1011 (DS1011) contains the data from the Wave 1 Adult Questionnaire. This data file contains 2,021 variables and 32,320 cases. Each of the cases represents a single, completed interview.\nDataset 1012 (DS1012) contains the data from the Wave 1 Youth and Parent Questionnaire. This file contains 1,431 variables and 13,651 cases.\nDataset 1411 (DS1411) contains the Wave 1 State Identifier data for Adults and has 5 variables and 32,320 cases. Dataset 1412 (DS1412) contains the Wave 1 State Identifier data for Youth (and Parents) and has 5 variables and 13,651 cases. The same 5 variables are in each State Identifier dataset, including PERSONID for linking the State Identifier to the questionnaire and biomarker data and 3 variables designating the state (state Federal Information Processing System (FIPS), state abbreviation, and full name of the state). The State Identifier values in these datasets represent participants' state of residence at the time of Wave 1, which is also their state of residence at the time of recruitment.\nDataset 1611 (DS1611) contains the Tobacco Universal Product Code (UPC) data from Wave 1. This data file contains 32 variables and 8,601 cases. This file contains UPC values on the packages of tobacco products used or in the possession of adult respondents at the time of Wave 1. The UPC values can be used to identify and validate the specific products used by respondents and augment the analyses of the characteristics of tobacco products used by these respondents at the time of Wave 1. \nDataset 2011 (DS2011) contains the data from the Wave 2 Adult Questionnaire. This data file contains 2,421 variables and 28,362 cases. Of these cases, 26,447 also completed a Wave 1 Adult Questionnaire. The other 1,915 cases are \"aged-up adults\" having previously ","dateModified":"Wed Nov 09 17:22:44 EST 2022","spatialCoverage":"United States","distribution":[],"@context":" ","version":"V31","url":" ","datePublished":"Sat Dec 19 14:29:24 EST 2015","license":" ","dateCreated":"2022-11-09 15:37:27.0","temporalCoverage":["2013 -- 2014 (Wave 1)","2014 -- 2015 (Wave 2)","2015 -- 2016 (Wave 3)","2016 -- 2018 (Wave 4)","2018 -- 2019 (Wave 5)"],"name":"Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study [United States] Restricted-Use Files","publisher":"@type":"Organization","name":"Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor]","alternateName":"ICPSR","url":" "}function modalCloseHandler(helpTerm,elem) $('#helpViewDivId').unbind('hidden.bs.modal');$('#helpViewDivId').on('hidden.bs.modal', function (e) $(elem).focus(););function displayHelp(helpTerm,elem)ReactDOM.render(React.createElement(HelpViewer, modalId:'helpViewDivId', helpTerm:helpTerm, context:'pcms', application:'icpsr',module:null,appUrl:' '), document.getElementById('helpViewDiv'));$('#helpViewDivId').on('shown.bs.modal', function (e) $('#helpViewDivId .modal-header .close').focus(); modalCloseHandler(helpTerm,elem););$('#helpViewDivId').modal('show');function displayPlainHelp(helpTerm,elem)ReactDOM.render(React.createElement(getHelpText, helpTerm:helpTerm, context:'pcms', application:'icpsr',module:null,appUrl:' '), document.getElementById('citation-help-text'));$("#data-doc").treetable( expandable: true );$(function () $('[data-toggle="popover"]').popover(););$(document).ready(function(e)var variables = ;variables.tab = "summary";variables.studyId = "36231";variables.size = "0";variables.versionLabel = "V31";variables.publishManagerUrl = " ";variables.childCareUrl = " ";variables.searchServerUrl = " ";variables.bibliographyServerUrl = " ";variables.varsServerUrl = " ";variables.searchConfig = null;variables.searchResults = null;variables.restrictedDataTypes = "idars":false,"useAgreement":false,"restricted":true,"vde":true,"enclave":false;variables.staff = false;variables.currentTenant = "icpsr";variables.currentArchive = "nahdap";variables.studyTenant = "ddf";variables.studyArchive = "NAHDAP";variables.title = "Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study [United States] Restricted-Use Files";variables.metadata = "purpose":"The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study is a nationally representative longitudinal cohort study on tobacco use behavior, attitudes and beliefs, and tobacco-related health outcomes among adults and youth in the United States. The study's primary objectives are to:\n\nObjective 1: Identify and explain between-person differences and within-person changes in tobacco-use patterns, including the rate and length of use by specific product type and brand, product/brand switching over time, uptake of new products, and dual- and poly-use of tobacco products (i.e., use of multiple products within the same time period and switching between multiple products).\nObjective 2: Identify between-person differences and within-person changes in risk perceptions regarding harmful and potentially harmful constituents, new and emerging tobacco products, filters and other design features of tobacco products, packaging, and labeling; and identify other factors that may affect use, such as social influences and individual preferences.\nObjective 3: Characterize the natural history of tobacco dependence, cessation, and relapse, including readiness and self-efficacy to quit, motivations for quitting, the number and length of quit attempts, and the length of abstinence related to various tobacco products.\nObjective 4: Update the comprehensive baseline and subsequent waves of data on tobacco-use behaviors and related health conditions, including markers of exposure and tobacco-related disease processes identified from the collection and analysis of biospecimens, to assess between-person differences and within-person changes over time in health conditions potentially related to tobacco use, particularly with use of new and different tobacco products, including modified-risk tobacco products.\nObjective 5: Assess associations between TCA-specific actions and tobacco-product use, risk perceptions and attitudes, use patterns, cessation outcomes, and tobacco-related intermediate endpoints (e.g., biomarkers of exposure and biomarkers related to disease). Analyses will attempt to account for other potential factors, such as demographics, local tobacco-control policies, and social, familial, and economic factors, that may influence the observed patterns.\nObjective 6: Assess between-person differences and within-person changes over time in attitudes, behaviors, exposure to tobacco products, and related biomarkers among and within population sub-groups identified by such characteristics as race-ethnicity, gender, and/or age, or by risk factors, such as pregnancy or co-occurring substance use or mental health disorders.\nObjective 7: To the extent to which sample sizes are sufficient, assess and compare samples of former and never users of tobacco products for between-person differences and within-person changes in relapse and uptake, risk perceptions, and indicators of tobacco exposure and disease processes.\nObjective 8: Use data from the PATH Study's baseline and follow-up waves on tobacco-use behaviors, attitudes, and related health conditions, including potential markers of exposure and related disease processes identified from the analysis of biospecimens, to screen and subsample respondents for participation in formative and/or nested studies conducted during and after the PATH Study's waves of data and biospecimen collection.\n","collectionNotes":["The PATH Study Data User Forum allows researchers using any PATH Study data files to communicate with each other to ask and answer questions. Announcements, data releases and updates, new publications, upcoming events, and other information for PATH Study data users will also be posted to the forum.","Data are provided via ICPSR's Virtual Data Enclave (VDE) where researchers will work with data stored on secure ICPSR servers. Researchers will not possess actual physical copies of the data; however, they may request permission to access selected output outside the virtual environment after review by ICPSR. See the Access Notes to apply for access. Researchers are also encouraged to read the VDE Guide.","The data files contain person-level (PERSONID) and household-level identification (R0#_HHID) variables allowing linkage of people within a file, between Adult and Youth/Parent files, and across waves of data collection. The values in these two variables are random and contain no direct or indirect personally identifiable information. Please review Appendix D in the Restricted-Use Files User Guide for information and programming code on linking files together. The files are sorted by the variable PERSONID.","ICPSR attempted to duplicate all information contained in the questionnaires into the question text used in the codebooks. Some of the longer programming instructions were not incorporated into the question text. In these cases, the question text includes a note for the user to read the full programming instructions in the corresponding section of the questionnaire. Derived and imputed variables contain the algorithms used in the creation of these variables. Users are advised to refer to the Restricted-Use Files User Guide and annotated questionnaires when reviewing the codebooks.","Some variables were withheld to limit the release of information that is a potential risk for disclosure. These variables are listed in Appendix C in the Restricted-Use Files User Guide.","The Youth Interview and Parent Interview questionnaires were distinct and separate questionnaires used in data collection. However, for each wave, both instruments have been combined into a single document since the responses to these instruments are also combined into a single data file.","Both the Adult and Youth questionnaires in each wave include several questions about tobacco brands and products the respondent usually uses and most recently used. For each question, a list of response options was displayed on the computer screen for the respondent to select. For many major brands and products, the displayed list included both a text label and a thumbnail image of the brand logo or product package. The displayed list was different for each of the tobacco product types with the brands and products listed being those that were known to exist for the specific tobacco product type. Because these lists are long, they are not provided in a frequency table for each variable in the codebook or in the annotated instrument. For convenience, both the Adult and Youth/Parent codebooks contain an appendix with a frequency table of the top 20 responses for each variable. The PATH Study Master Tobacco Brand and Product Code Guide is available as an Excel workbook file [Documentation.xlsx (Tobacco_Brand)]. The spreadsheets in this Excel workbook file are protected and may not be edited. However, the last spreadsheet contains filters to narrow the complete list. This spreadsheet is the master file of all brand and product responses for these questions from all waves, including any responses that were not in the list of options displayed to the respondent.","In the Wave 1 and Wave 2 Youth/Parent files, the last section of the questionnaire contains demographic and health history questions. A few of the questions were asked of all youth. However, most questions were only asked of emancipated youth. The responses to these questions for non-emancipated youth were coded as \"Inapplicable\". The questionnaire and codebook note which variables were asked only of emancipated youth. Conversely, in the Parent Interview section the same questions were asked of parents of all sampled youth except for the emancipated youth. In this section the cases for emancipated youth were coded as \"Inapplicable\". There are a small number of emancipated youth in Waves 3 and 4, but there are no individual questions asked exclusively of emancipated youth.","In both the Adult and Youth/Parent data files, several groups of variables contain the word \"RANDOM\" in both the variable name and label. This indicates computerized randomization of the question order. These \"RANDOM\" variables detail the order in which the questions were asked of a particular respondent.","The Wave 1 data files contain 20 variable triplets pertaining to tobacco advertising. The computer randomly selected 20 advertisements and then asked the respondents whether they had seen the ad and whether they liked the ad. The Image ID variable (_AD) identifies the advertisement that was displayed to the respondent to characterize the ad, e.g., the tobacco product and brand. However, vendors did not grant permission to publicly release the actual .jpg and .bmp files containing the images seen by respondents.","Derived and imputed (if present) demographic variables (age, sex, Hispanic ethnicity, and race) are included near the end of the data file. An accompanying imputation flag variable is also included. These variables are distinguished by the variable name starting with \"R0#R\" and contain the word \"DERIVED\" or \"IMPUTED\" in the variable label. Imputed variables are only available on the Wave 1 and Wave 4 data files.","Within the \"Derived and Imputed Variables\" section of the codebooks of the Adult and Youth/Parent files for Wave 1 and Wave 4 only are two geographic variables - Census Region and Census Division. For Wave 1 there are additional variables to designate urban areas and Census Block characteristics.","All Adult and Youth/Parent data files contain additional derived variables. These variables can be distinguished by the variable name starting with \"R0#R\" and contain the word \"DERIVED\" in the variable label. There are several variables for each tobacco category to identify certain classes of current and former tobacco users.","In accordance with the study's informed consent, information is suppressed about individuals who withdrew from the PATH Study. Their information was recoded to a special missing value, designated as -97777.","Consent forms provided to and signed by the respondents for the various types of interviews conducted and biological samples collected are included with Wave 1 and Wave 4 files (Informed Consent forms used for Wave 1 and the Wave 4 Informed Consent form is provided with the Wave 4 files). Participants provide consent at their initial interview and biological sample collection; consents remain in effect for all subsequent waves. Aged-up adults who responded to a Youth interview in a previous wave are re-consented as an adult at the time of their first interview. ","The Nonresponse Bias Analysis Report for Wave 1 details the response rates and the potential for bias from nonresponse. There are also Nonresponse Bias Analysis Reports for Wave 2, Wave 3, Wave 4, and Wave 5.","The Informed Consent Document and Nonresponse Bias Analysis Reports are specific to each wave. The same files are available as documentation for both the Adult and Youth/Parent data.","The questionnaires in this collection are updated versions of the fielded questionnaires that were annotated for analytic purposes. Spanish versions are also available.","The PATH Study's documentation is available for your use and may be reproduced in whole or in part without permission from NIH's National Institute on Drug Abuse or FDA's Center for Tobacco Products. Citation of the source is appreciated.","Additional background information including answers to frequently asked questions for study participants and researchers can be found in the Researchers section of the PATH Study Series page.","The Restricted-Use Files User Guide provides an overview of the entire PATH Study. The guide covers topics such as sample design, data collection, weighting, response rates, and programming syntax to run common statistics and link the files together. Researchers should feel free to use the information in the User Guide for their publication and the guide should be cited as follows:\n\n\nUnited States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Drug Abuse, and United States Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Tobacco Products. Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study [United States] Restricted-Use Files, User Guide. ICPSR36231-v21 Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2021-01-08. \n","The data for the PATH Study was collected and prepared by Westat. The contract number under which they performed their work for Waves 1 through 3 is HHSN271201100027C. Work for Waves 4 and 5 was performed under contract number HHSN271201600001C."],"studyDesign":"At Wave 1, the study sampled over 150,000 mailing addresses which, using a four-staged stratified sampling design, yielded a sample of 45,971 respondents (32,320 adults / 13,651 youth) who completed a Wave 1 interview. Tobacco users and non-users who were at least 9 years old living in a civilian, non-institutionalized setting were considered for participation during Wave 1. Youth who turn 18 by the next wave of data collection are considered \"aged-up adults\" and are invited to complete the Adult Interview. Additionally, 7,207 \"shadow youth\" (youth ages 9 to 11 sampled at Wave 1) are considered \"aged-up youth\" upon turning 12 years old when they are asked to join the study. These 53,178 participants form the Wave 1 Cohort.\nAt Wave 4, a probability sample of 14,098 adults, youth, and shadow youth ages 10 to 11 was selected from the civilian, noninstitutionalized population at the time of Wave 4. This sample was recruited from close to 174,000 mailing addresses not selected for Wave 1, in the same sampled PSUs and segments using similar within-household sampling procedures. To meet the needs for the Wave 4 Cohort shadow sample, a randomly selected subset of the sampled addresses (115,500 or close to two-thirds of the addresses) were screened solely to identify shadow youth ages 10 to 11. The remaining addresses (close to 58,500) were screened for adults, youth, and shadow youth ages 10 to 11. These are referred to as the \"SO\" (shadow youth only) and \"AYS\" (adults, youth, and shadow youth) replenishment samples, respectively. This replenishment sample was combined for estimation and analysis purposes with Wave 4 adult and youth respondents from the Wave 1 Cohort who were in the civilian, noninstitutionalized population at the time of Wave 4. This combined set of Wave 4 participants, 52,731 participants in total, forms the Wave 4 Cohort.\nThe Adult files contain a single record for every adult who completed an interview in the wave. The Youth/Parent files contain a single record of every youth who completed an interview in a given wave. Parents who provided permission for their child to complete a Youth Interview were asked to complete a brief Parent Interview that contained questions about parental supervision, school performance, and tobacco use by youth. The Parent Interview is primarily an interview about the child(ren), not the parent. Almost all youth respondents had a parent or guardian complete the Parent Interview (over 99.0 percent). When multiple youth from the same household were selected to be in the study, the parent(s) completed separate interviews about each youth. If one parent completed multiple interviews, then questions asked about him or her were only asked once and skipped in the other interview(s). The parent's responses were then duplicated for the other child or children.\nA $2 incentive was mailed to all addresses sampled at Wave 1 and Wave 4 prior to screening. Adult respondents were paid $35 for their participation in Wave 1, Wave 2, Wave 3, and Wave 4. In Wave 5, adult respondents were paid $50 for their participation. In Wave 1, Wave 2, Wave 3, and Wave 4, youth were paid $25 to complete the Youth Interview, and their parents were given $10 for each Parent Interview. In Wave 5, youth were paid $35 to complete the Youth Interview, and their parents were given $15 for each Parent Interview.","description":"The PATH Study was launched in 2011 to inform the Food and Drug Administration's regulatory activities under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (TCA). The PATH Study is a collaboration between the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The study sampled over 150,000 mailing addresses across the United States to create a national sample of tobacco users and non-users.\n45,971 adults and youth constitute the first (baseline) wave, Wave 1, of data collected by this longitudinal cohort study. These 45,971 adults and youth along with 7,207 \"shadow youth\" (youth ages 9 to 11 sampled at Wave 1) make up the 53,178 participants that constitute the Wave 1 Cohort. Respondents are asked to complete an interview at each follow-up wave. Youth who turn 18 by the current wave of data collection are considered \"aged-up adults\" and are invited to complete the Adult Interview. Additionally, \"shadow youth\" are considered \"aged-up youth\" upon turning 12 years old, when they are asked to complete an interview after parental consent.\nAt Wave 4, a probability sample of 14,098 adults, youth, and shadow youth ages 10 to 11 was selected from the civilian, noninstitutionalized population at the time of Wave 4. This sample was recruited from residential addresses not selected for Wave 1 in the same sampled Primary Sampling Unit (PSU)s and segments using similar within-household sampling procedures. This \"replenishment sample\" was combined for estimation and analysis purposes with Wave 4 adult and youth respondents from the Wave 1 Cohort who were in the civilian, noninstitutionalized population at the time of Wave 4. This combined set of Wave 4 participants, 52,731 participants in total, forms the Wave 4 Cohort.\nPlease refer to the Restricted-Use Files User Guide that provides further details about children designated as \"shadow youth\" and the formation of the Wave 1 and Wave 4 Cohorts.\nDataset 0002 (DS0002) contains the data from the State Design Data. This file contains 7 variables and 67,276 cases. The state identifier in the State Design file reflects the participant's state of residence at the time of selection and recruitment for the PATH Study.\nDataset 1011 (DS1011) contains the data from the Wave 1 Adult Questionnaire. This data file contains 2,021 variables and 32,320 cases. Each of the cases represents a single, completed interview.\nDataset 1012 (DS1012) contains the data from the Wave 1 Youth and Parent Questionnaire. This file contains 1,431 variables and 13,651 cases.\nDataset 1411 (DS1411) contains the Wave 1 State Identifier data for Adults and has 5 variables and 32,320 cases. Dataset 1412 (DS1412) contains the Wave 1 State Identifier data for Youth (and Parents) and has 5 variables and 13,651 cases. The same 5 variables are in each State Identifier dataset, including PERSONID for linking the State Identifier to the questionnaire and biomarker data and 3 variables designating the state (state Federal Information Processing System (FIPS), state abbreviation, and full name of the state). The State Identifier values in these datasets represent participants' state of residence at the time of Wave 1, which is also their state of residence at the time of recruitment.\nDataset 1611 (DS1611) contains the Tobacco Universal Product Code (UPC) data from Wave 1. This data file contains 32 variables and 8,601 cases. This file contains UPC values on the packages of tobacco products used or in the possession of adult respondents at the time of Wave 1. The UPC values can be used to identify and validate the specific products used by respondents and augment the analyses of the characteristics of tobacco products used by these respondents at the time of Wave 1. \nDataset 2011 (DS2011) contains the data from the Wave 2 Adult Questionnaire. This data file contains 2,421 variables and 28,362 cases. Of these cases, 26,447 also completed a Wave 1 Adult Questionnaire. The other 1,915 cases are \"aged-up adults\" having previously completed a Wave 1 Youth Questionnaire.Dataset 2012 (DS2012) contains the data from the Wave 2 Youth and Parent Questionnaire. This data file contains 1,596 variables and 12,172 cases. Of these cases, 10,081 also completed a Wave 1 Youth Questionnaire. The other 2,091 cases are \"aged-up youth\" having previously been sampled as \"shadow youth.\"\nDataset 2411 (DS2411) contains the Wave 2 State Identifier data for Adults and has 5 variables and 28,362 cases. Dataset 2412 (DS2412) contains the Wave 2 State Identifier data for Youth and Parents and has 5 variables and 12,172 cases. The same 5 variables are in each State Identifier dataset, including PERSONID for linking the State Identifier to the questionnaire and biomarker data and 3 variables designating the state (state FIPS, state abbreviation, and full name of the state). The State Identifier values in these datasets represent participants' state of residence at the time of Wave 2.\nDataset 2611 (DS2611) contains the Tobacco Universal Product Code (UPC) data from Wave 2. This data file contains 32 variables and 7,295 cases. This file contains UPC values on the packages of tobacco products used or in the possession of adult respondents at the time of Wave 2. The UPC values can be used to identify and validate the specific products used by respondents and augment the analyses of the characteristics of tobacco products used by these respondents at the time of Wave 2.\nDataset 3011 (DS3011) contains the data from the Wave 3 Adult Questionnaire. This data file contains 2,359 variables and 28,148 cases. Of these cases, 26,241 are continuing adults having completed a prior Adult Questionnaire. The other 1,907 cases are \"aged-up adults\" having previously completed a Youth Questionnaire.\nDataset 3012 (DS3012) contains the data from the Wave 3 Youth and Parent Questionnaire. This data file contains 1,492 variables and 11,814 cases. Of these cases, 9,769 are continuing youth having completed a prior Youth Interview. The other 2,045 cases are \"aged-up youth\" having previously been sampled as \"shadow youth.\"\nDatasets 3111, 3211, 3112, and 3212 (DS3111, DS3211, DS3112, and DS3212) are data files comprising the weight variables for Wave 3. The weight variables for Wave 1 and Wave 2 are included in the main data files. However, starting with Wave 3, the weight variables have been separated into individual data files. The \"all-waves\" weight files contain weights for respondents who completed an interview for all waves in which they were old enough to do so or verified their information with the study for waves in which they were not old enough to be interviewed. The \"single-wave\" weight files contain weights for all respondents in Wave 3 regardless of their participation in previous waves.Dataset 3503 (DS3503) contains data derived from responses to Wave 1-3 questionnaires indicating if participants had ever/never used various tobacco products as of the Wave 3 study period. This data file contains 25 variables for all 53,178 study participants as of Wave 3. This file is provided for reference only to simplify the definitions of tobacco use variables in the Adult and Youth data files for subsequent waves.\nDataset 3411 (DS3411) contains the Wave 3 State Identifier data for Adults and has 5 variables and 28,148 cases. Dataset 3412 (DS3412) contains the Wave 3 State Identifier data for Youth and Parents and has 5 variables and 11,814 cases. The same 5 variables are in each State Identifier dataset, including PERSONID for linking the State Identifier to the questionnaire and biomarker data and 3 variables designating the state (state FIPS, state abbreviation, and full name of the state). The State Identifier values in these datasets represent participants' state of residence at the time of Wave 3.\nDataset 3611 (DS3611) contains the Tobacco Universal Product Code (UPC) data from Wave 3. This data file contains 32 variables and 6,768 cases. This file contains UPC values on the packages of tobacco products used or in the possession of adult respondents at the time of Wave 3. The UPC values can be used to identify and validate the specific products used by respondents and augment the analyses of the characteristics of tobacco products used by these respondents at the time of Wave 3.\nDataset 4001 (DS4001) contains the data from the Wave 4 Adult Questionnaire. This data file contains 2,504 variables and 33,822 cases. Of these cases, 25,857 are continuing adults having completed a prior Adult questionnaire, 1,900 are \"aged-up adults\" having previously completed a Youth questionnaire, and 6,065 are \"replenishment sample adults\" (also known as \"new cohort adults\" in the annotated instrument).\nDataset 4002 (DS4002) contains the data from the Wave 4 Youth and Parent Questionnaire. This data file contains 1,600 variables and 14,798 cases. Of these cases, 9,365 are continuing youth having completed a prior Youth interview, 1,694 cases are \"aged-up youth\" having previously been sampled as \"shadow youth,\" and 3,739 are \"replenishment sample youth\" (also known as \"new cohort youth\" in the annotated instrument).\nDatasets 4111, 4211, 4321, 4112, 4212, and 4322 (DS4111, DS4211, DS4321, DS4112, DS4212, and DS4322) are data files comprising the weight variables for Wave 4. In Wave 4, the weight variables have been separated into individual data files corresponding to the Wave 1 and Wave 4 Cohorts and different weight types. The \"all-waves\" weight files contain weights for those Wave 1 Cohort respondents who completed an interview for all waves in which they were old enough or verified their information for waves in which they were not old enough to be interviewed. The \"single-wave\" weight files contain weights for Wave 1 Cohort respondents at Wave 4 who completed an interview at Wave 1, regardless of their participation in previous waves. The \"cross-sectional\" weight files contain weights for all respondents in the Wave 4 Cohort.\nDataset 4401 (DS4401) contains the Wave 4 State Identifier data for Adults and has 5 variables and 33,822 cases. Dataset 4402 (DS4402) contains the Wave 4 State Identifier data for Youth and Parents and has 5 variables and 14,798 cases. The same 5 variables are in each State Identifier dataset, including PERSONID for linking the State Identifier to the questionnaire and biomarker data and 3 variables designating the state (state FIPS, state abbreviation, and full name of the state). The State Identifier values in these datasets represent participants' state of residence at the time of Wave 4. For adults and youth from the replenishment sample, the values also represent state of residence at the time of recruitment.\nDataset 4503 (DS4503) contains data derived from responses to Wave 1-4 questionnaires, indicating if participants had ever/never used various tobacco products as of the Wave 4 data collection period. This data file contains 27 variables for all 67,276 study participants as of the Wave 4 data collection. This file is provided for reference only to simplify the definitions of tobacco use variables in the Adult and Youth data files for subsequent waves.\nDataset 4601 (DS4601) contains the Tobacco Universal Product Code (UPC) data from Wave 4. This data file contains 32 variables and 7,684 cases. This file contains UPC values on the packages of tobacco products used or in the possession of adult respondents at the time of Wave 4. The UPC values can be used to identify and validate the specific products used by respondents and augment the analyses of the characteristics of tobacco products used by these respondents at the time of Wave 4.\nDataset 5001 (DS5001) contains the data from the Wave 5 Adult Questionnaire. This data file contains 2,606 variables and 34,309 cases. Of these cases, 29,876 are continuing adults having completed a prior Adult questionnaire and 4,433 are \"aged-up adults\" having previously completed a Youth questionnaire.\nDataset 5002 (DS5002) contains the data from the Wave 5 Youth and Parent Questionnaire. This data file contains 1,776 variables and 12,098 cases. Of these cases, 10,446 are continuing youth having completed a prior Youth interview and 1,652 cases are \"aged-up youth\" having previously been sampled as \"shadow youth.\"\nDatasets 5111, 5112, 5211, 5212, 5221, 5222, 5711, 5712, 5721, and 5722 (DS5111, DS5112, DS5211, DS5212, DS5221, DS5222, DS5711, DS5712, DS5721, and DS5722) are data files comprising the weight variables for Wave 5. In Wave 5, the weight variables are in individual data files corresponding to the Wave 1 and Wave 4 Cohorts and different weight types. The \"all-waves\" weight files contain weights for those Wave 1 Cohort participants who completed a Wave 5 interview and completed interviews (if old enough to do so) or verified their information (if not old enough to be interviewed) in Waves 1, 2, 3, and 4.There are two separate sets of files with \"single wave\" weights: one for the Wave 1 Cohort and one for the Wave 4 Cohort. The \"single-wave\" weight files for the Wave 1 Cohort contains weights for participants who completed an interview in Wave 1 and in Wave 5, regardless of their participation in the intervening waves. The \"single-wave\" weight file for the Wave 4 Cohort contains weights for all Wave 5 interview respondents in the Wave 4 Cohort.There are also two separate sets of files with \"special collection all-waves\" weights: one for the Wave 1 Cohort and one for the Wave 4 Cohort. The \"special collection all-waves\" weight file for the Wave 1 Cohort contains weights for participants who completed a Wave 5 interview and completed interviews (if old enough to do so) or verified their information (if not old enough to be interviewed) in Waves 1, 2, 3, 4, and the special collection in Wave 4.5. The \"special collection all-waves\" weight file for the Wave 4 Cohort contains weights for participants who completed a Wave 5 interview and completed interviews (if old enough to do so) or verified their information (if not old enough to be interviewed) in Wave 4 and the special collection in Wave 4.5.\nDataset 5401 (DS5401) contains the Wave 5 State Identifier data for Adults and has 5 variables and 34,309 cases. Dataset 5402 (DS5402) contains the Wave 5 State Identifier data for Youth and Parents, and has 5 variables and 12,098 cases. The same 5 variables are in each State Identifier dataset, including PERSONID for linking the State Identifier to the questionnaire and biomarker data and 3 variables designating the state (state FIPS, state abbreviation, and full name of the state). The State Identifier values in these datasets represent participants' state of residence at the time of Wave 5.\nDataset 5503 (DS5503) contains data derived from responses to Wave 1-5 (including Wave 4.5) questionnaires indicating if participants had ever/never used various tobacco products as of the Wave 5 data collection period. This data file contains 26 variables for all 67,276 study participants as of the Wave 5 data collection. This file is provided for reference only to simplify the definitions of tobacco use variables in the Adult and Youth data files for subsequent waves.\nDataset 5601 (DS5601) contains the Tobacco Universal Product Code (UPC) data from Wave 5. This data file contains 33 variables and 6,678 cases. This file contains UPC values on the packages of tobacco products used or in the possession of adult respondents at the time of Wave 5. The UPC values can be used to identify and validate the specific products used by respondents and augment the analyses of the characteristics of tobacco products used by these respondents at the time of Wave 5.\nEach case in an Adult data file represents a single, completed interview. Each case in a Youth data file represents one youth and his or her parent's responses about that youth. Parents who provided permission for their child to participate in a Youth interview were asked to complete a brief interview about their child. In both waves of data collection, less than 0.5 percent of the parents did not complete an interview. Most questions are asked about the child. \nWhen multiple youth from the same household were selected to be in the study, the parent(s) completed separate interviews about each youth. If one parent completed two or more interviews, that parent only answered questions about himself/herself once. Those questions were then skipped in the subsequent interview(s) for the other child(ren) and the responses duplicated in that child(ren)'s data file(s).","jsonld":"\"funder\":[\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Drug Abuse\",\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"United States Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Tobacco Products\"],\"identifier\":\" \",\"creator\":[\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Drug Abuse\",\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"United States Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Tobacco Products\"],\"keywords\":[\"adults\",\"advertising\",\"alcohol\",\"bidis\",\"chewing tobacco\",\"cigarettes\",\"cigarillos\",\"cigars\",\"dissolvable tobacco\",\"e-cigarettes\",\"electronic nicotine devices\",\"ENDS\",\"filtered cigars\",\"health warnings\",\"hookah\",\"kreteks\",\"marijuana\",\"marketing\",\"mental health\",\"nicotine addiction\",\"nicotine dependence\",\"parents\",\"physical health\",\"pipe tobacco\",\"second-hand smoke\",\"sexual preference\",\"smokeless tobacco\",\"smoking cessation\",\"snus pouches\",\"social media\",\"substance abuse\",\"tobacco products\",\"tobacco use\",\"youths\"],\"citation\":\"United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Drug Abuse, and United States Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Tobacco Products. Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study [United States] Restricted-Use Files. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2022-11-09. \",\"@type\":\"Dataset\",\"description\":\"The PATH Study was launched in 2011 to inform the Food and Drug Administration's regulatory activities under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (TCA). The PATH Study is a collaboration between the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The study sampled over 150,000 mailing addresses across the United States to create a national sample of tobacco users and non-users.\\n45,971 adults and youth constitute the first (baseline) wave, Wave 1, of data collected by this longitudinal cohort study. These 45,971 adults and youth along with 7,207 \\\"shadow youth\\\" (youth ages 9 to 11 sampled at Wave 1) make up the 53,178 participants that constitute the Wave 1 Cohort. Respondents are asked to complete an interview at each follow-up wave. Youth who turn 18 by the current wave of data collection are considered \\\"aged-up adults\\\" and are invited to complete the Adult Interview. Additionally, \\\"shadow youth\\\" are considered \\\"aged-up youth\\\" upon turning 12 years old, when they are asked to complete an interview after parental consent.\\nAt Wave 4, a probability sample of 14,098 adults, youth, and shadow youth ages 10 to 11 was selected from the civilian, noninstitutionalized population at the time of Wave 4. This sample was recruited from residential addresses not selected for Wave 1 in the same sampled Primary Sampling Unit (PSU)s and segments using similar within-household sampling procedures. This \\\"replenishment sample\\\" was combined for estimation and analysis purposes with Wave 4 adult and youth respondents from the Wave 1 Cohort who were in the civilian, noninstitutionalized population at the time of Wave 4. This combined set of Wave 4 participants, 52,731 participants in total, forms the Wave 4 Cohort.\\nPlease refer to the Restricted-Use Files User Guide that provides further details about children designated as \\\"shadow youth\\\" and the formation of the Wave 1 and Wave 4 Cohorts.\\nDataset 0002 (DS0002) contains the data from the State Design Data. This file contains 7 variables and 67,276 cases. The state identifier in the State Design file reflects the participant's state of residence at the time of selection and recruitment for the PATH Study.\\nDataset 1011 (DS1011) contains the data from the Wave 1 Adult Questionnaire. This data file contains 2,021 variables and 32,320 cases. Each of the cases represents a single, completed interview.\\nDataset 1012 (DS1012) contains the data from the Wave 1 Youth and Parent Questionnaire. This file contains 1,431 variables and 13,651 cases.\\nDataset 1411 (DS1411) contains the Wave 1 State Identifier data for Adults and has 5 variables and 32,320 cases. Dataset 1412 (DS1412) contains the Wave 1 State Identifier data for Youth (and Parents) and has 5 variables and 13,651 cases. The same 5 variables are in each State Identifier dataset, including PERSONID for linking the State Identifier to the questionnaire and biomarker data and 3 variables designating the state (state Federal Information Processing System (FIPS), state abbreviation, and full name of the state). The State Identifier values in these datasets represent participants' state of residence at the time of Wave 1, which is also their state of residence at the time of recruitment.\\nDataset 1611 (DS1611) contains the Tobacco Universal Product Code (UPC) data from Wave 1. This data file contains 32 variables and 8,601 cases. This file contains UPC values on the packages of tobacco products used or in the possession of adult respondents at the time of Wave 1. The UPC values can be used to identify and validate the specific products used by respondents and augment the analyses of the characteristics of tobacco products used by these respondents at the time of Wave 1. \\nDataset 2011 (DS2011) contains the data from the Wave 2 Adult Questionnaire. This data file contains 2,421 variables and 28,362 cases. Of these cases, 26,447 also completed a Wave 1 Adult Questionnaire. The other 1,915 cases are \\\"aged-up adults\\\" having previously \",\"dateModified\":\"Wed Nov 09 17:22:44 EST 2022\",\"spatialCoverage\":\"United States\",\"distribution\":[],\"@context\":\" \",\"version\":\"V31\",\"url\":\" \",\"datePublished\":\"Sat Dec 19 14:29:24 EST 2015\",\"license\":\" \",\"dateCreated\":\"2022-11-09 15:37:27.0\",\"temporalCoverage\":[\"2013 -- 2014 (Wave 1)\",\"2014 -- 2015 (Wave 2)\",\"2015 -- 2016 (Wave 3)\",\"2016 -- 2018 (Wave 4)\",\"2018 -- 2019 (Wave 5)\"],\"name\":\"Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study [United States] Restricted-Use Files\",\"publisher\":\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor]\",\"alternateName\":\"ICPSR\",\"url\":\" \"","analysisUnit":["individual"],"source":"","title":"Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study [United States] Restricted-Use Files","sampProc":"A four-stage stratified area probability sample design was used in the PATH Study, with a two-phase\ndesign for sampling adults at the final stage. At the first stage, a stratified sample of\ngeographical primary sampling units (PSUs) was selected, in which a PSU is a county or group of\ncounties. For the second stage, within each selected PSU, smaller geographical segments were\nformed and then a sample of these segments was drawn. At the third stage, the sampling frame\nconsisted of the residential addresses located in these segments. The fourth stage selected adults and\nyouth from the sampled households identified at these addresses, with varying sampling rates for\nadults by age, race, and tobacco use status. Adults were sampled in two phases - Phase 1 sampling\nused information provided in the household screener and Phase 2 sampling used information\nprovided by the adult in the Phase 2 screener at the beginning of the Adult instrument. Please consult the Restricted-Use Files User Guide for additional details about the sampling.","timeMeth":["Longitudinal: Panel"],"kindOfData":["survey data"],"keyword":["adults","advertising","alcohol","bidis","chewing tobacco","cigarettes","cigarillos","cigars","dissolvable tobacco","e-cigarettes","electronic nicotine devices","ENDS","filtered cigars","health warnings","hookah","kreteks","marijuana","marketing","mental health","nicotine addiction","nicotine dependence","parents","physical health","pipe tobacco","second-hand smoke","sexual preference","smokeless tobacco","smoking cessation","snus pouches","social media","substance abuse","tobacco products","tobacco use","youths"],"isReplacedBy":"","publishStatus":"PUBLISHED","creator":["orgName":"United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Drug Abuse","orgEmail":"","orgId":"2EVE4","orgName":"United States Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Tobacco Products","orgEmail":"","orgId":"BHQpu"],"commonScales":"","collectionMode":["audio computer-assisted self interview (ACASI)","computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI)"],"citation":"\n United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Drug Abuse, and United States Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Tobacco Products. Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study [United States] Restricted-Use Files. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2022-11-09. \n","created":"2015-12-19","alternative":["PATH Study RUF"],"weights":"Each data file for Wave 1 and Wave 2 contains weights for use in analyses of the data from the complex PATH Study sample design. The final full-sample person-level weight for Waves 1 and 2 on the Adult file is R0#_A_PWGT, and the final full-sample person-level weight for Waves 1 and 2 on the Youth / Parent file is R0#_Y_PWGT.\nThe weights for Wave 3 are in two sets of files:\nThe all-waves weights files are for participants who completed a Wave 3 interview and completed interviews (if old enough to do so) or verified their information with the study (if not old enough to be interviewed) in Wave 1 and in Wave 2. The Wave 3 all-waves weight is named R03_A_AWGT for adults and R03_Y_AWGT for youth.\nThe single-wave weights files are for participants completing a Wave 3 interview regardless of their participation in previous waves. The Wave 3 single-wave weight is named R03_A_SWGT for adults and\nR03_Y_SWGT for youth.\nThe weights for Wave 4 are in three sets of files corresponding to the Wave 1 and Wave 4 Cohorts and different weight types:\nThe all-waves weights files are for Wave 1 Cohort participants who completed a Wave 4 interview (if old enough to do so) or verified their information (if not old enough to be interviewed) in Waves 1, 2, and 3. The Wave 4 all-waves weight for the Wave 1 Cohort is named R04_A_A01WGT for adults and R04_Y_A01WGT for youth.\nThe single-wave weights files are for all Wave 1 Cohort respondents who completed interviews in Wave 1 and in Wave 4. The Wave 4 single-wave weight for the Wave 1 Cohort is named R04_A_S01WGT for adults and R04_Y_S01WGT for youth.\nThe cross-sectional weights files are for all Wave 4 interview respondents in the Wave 4 Cohort. The Wave 4 cross-sectional weight for the Wave 4 Cohort is named R04_A_C04WGT for adults and R04_Y_C04WGT for youth.\nThe weights for Wave 5 are in five sets of files corresponding to the Wave 1 and Wave 4 Cohorts and different weight types:\nThe all-waves weights files are for Wave 1 Cohort participants who completed a Wave 5 interview and completed interviews (if old enough to do so) or verified their information (if not old enough to be interviewed) in Waves 1, 2, 3, and 4. The Wave 5 all-waves weight for the Wave 1 Cohort is named R05_A_A01WGT for adults and R05_Y_A01WGT for youth.The Wave 1 Cohort single-wave weights files are for all participants who completed an interview in Wave 1 and in Wave 5, regardless of their participation in the intervening waves. The Wave 5 single-wave weight for the Wave 1 Cohort is named\nR05_A_S01WGT for adults and R05_Y_S01WGT for youth.The Wave 4 Cohort single-wave weights files are for all Wave 5 interview respondents in the Wave 4 Cohort. The Wave 5 single-wave weight for the Wave 4 Cohort is named R05_A_S04WGT for adults and R05_Y_S04WGT for youth.The Wave 1 Cohort special collection all-waves weights files are for participants who completed a Wave 5 interview and completed interviews (if old enough to do so) or verified their information (if not old enough to be interviewed) in Waves 1, 2, 3, 4, and the special collection in Wave 4.5. The Wave 5 special collection all-waves weight for the Wave 1 Cohort is named R05_A_AX01WGT for adults and R05_Y_AX01WGT for youth.The Wave 4 Cohort special collection all-waves weights files are for participants who completed a Wave 5 interview and completed interviews (if old enough to do so) or verified their information (if not old enough to be interviewed) in Wave 4 and the special collection in Wave 4.5. The Wave 5 special collection all-waves weight for the Wave 4 Cohort is named R05_A_AX04WGT for adults and R05_Y_AX04WGT for youth.\nFor each weight mentioned above, there are also 100 replicate weights and design variables (VARPSU and VARSTRAT) for use in variance estimation. Detailed information on how these variables were created, and how and why they should be used is provided in the Restricted-Use Files User Guide.Note that the weighting procedures adjust for oversampling of specified population groups and nonresponse. ICPSR strongly recommends that researchers read and understand this section before analyzing the data to ensure correct use of these variables.","versionMismatch":false,"distributor":["Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research"],"collectionChanges":["2022-11-09 Adult and Youth Data files and Codebooks across Waves 1-5 were updated to improve the clarity and consistency of Codebook notes, variable long descriptions, and variable labels. Adult Data files across Waves 1-5 were also updated to reflect withdrawal by a participant (indicated by Special Missing -97777). The Ever/Never Reference data files for Waves 3, 4, and 5 were also updated to reflect participant withdrawal.Restricted Use Files User Guide was updated to correct Table 5-3 and add clarifications in Section 5.4.3.5.","2022-04-21 Wave 5 Ever/Never Reference data file and documentation added.","2021-12-16 Four derived variables were added to the Wave 5 Adult Questionnaire data file and codebook (DS5001): R05R_A_FIRST_EPROD_FLAV, R05R_A_FIRST_GTRAD_FLAV, R05R_A_FIRST_GRILLO_FLAV, and R05R_A_FIRST_GFILTR_FLAV. Four derived variables were also added to the Wave 5 Youth / Parent Questionnaire data and file and codebook (DS5002): R05R_Y_FIRST_EPROD_FLAV, R05R_Y_FIRST_GTRAD_FLAV, R05R_Y_FIRST_GRILLO_FLAV, and R05R_Y_FIRST_GFILTR_FLAV. Minor edits were made for 1 variable in the Wave 5 Adult Questionnaire codebook and 2 variables in the Wave 5 Youth / Parent Questionnaire codebook. Algorithms for 82 derived variables were corrected in the Wave 5 Adult Questionnaire codebook and algorithms for 12 derived variables were corrected in the Wave 5 Youth / Parent Questionnaire codebook. These corrections were communicated to data users on 2021-11-17 in the codebook errata. (Codebook Errata download removed)","2021-11-11 Study was updated to include Codebook Errata for Wave 5 Adult and Youth / Parent codebooks. Codebooks will be updated in December to incorporate revised information and new variables.","2021-06-29 Study was updated to resolve issue of multiple user guide files.","2021-06-24 Data and documentation were updated for the Wave 5 Adult Questionnaire and all associated Wave 5 Adult Weights. Updated Restricted-Use Files (RUF) User Guide, Tobacco Brand Frequencies, Adult and Youth Crosswalks to Include Wave 5, and Wave 5 Non-response Bias Analysis Report. Data and documentation related to the Master Linkage File were removed: please see the Master Linkage File Study (ICPSR 38008).","2021-02-23 Wave 5 Adult and Youth Questionnaire and Weight data files were added to the collection along with Wave 5 Adult and Youth/Parent State Identifier Data and Wave 5 Adult Tobacco Universal Product Code (UPC) Data. The Restricted Use Files User Guide, State Identifier Restricted Use Files User Guide, and Tobacco UPC Data Restricted Use Files User Guide were updated. Data and documentation for the Master linkage file was updated to reflect the addition of these files.","2020-06-24 The study was updated to include the TUPCRUF User Guide.","2020-06-22 State Design Data, Adult State Identifier Data and Youth/Parent State Identifier Data for Waves 2-4 were added to the collection and the State Identifier Restricted Use File User Guide was updated. Tobacco Universal Product Code (UPC) Data for Waves 1-4 were also added to the collection, along with a Tobacco UPC Data Restricted Use File User Guide. Data for the Master linkage file was updated to reflect the addition of these files.","2020-03-31 Data for the Master linkage file was updated.","2020-03-23 Data and documentation for the Master linkage file was updated. Wave 4 Ever/Never data file has been added. Nonresponse Bias Analysis Reports for Waves 1-3 have been updated as well. Codebooks for the Wave 1 Adult, Wave 1 Youth/Parent, and Wave 3 Adult data files have been updated to adjust question text. This study is also being updated to reflect the correction version number.","2020-03-19 Data and documentation for the Master linkage file was updated. Wave 4 Ever/Never data file has been added. Nonresponse Bias Analysis Reports for Waves 1-3 have been updated as well. Codebooks for the Wave 1 Adult, Wave 1 Youth/Parent, and Wave 3 Adult data files have been updated to adjust question text.","2019-11-21 Wave 3 Adult codebook was updated to correct spelling error in question text.","2019-11-05 Dataset and corresponding documentation number-schemes have changed across all waves/releases.Former DS1001 restructured to DS1011.Former DS1002 restructured to DS1012.Former DS1401 restructured to DS1411.Former DS1402 restructured to DS1412.Former DS2001 restructured to DS2011.Former DS2002 restructured to DS2012. Former DS3001 restructured to DS3011.Former DS3002 restructured to DS3012.Former DS3101 restructured to DS3111.Former DS3102 restructured to DS3211.Former DS3201 restructured to DS3112.Former DS3202 restructured to DS3212.Former DS4101 restructured to DS4111. Former DS4102 restructured to DS4211.Former DS4103 restructured to DS4321.Former DS4201 restructured to DS4112.Former DS4202 restructured to DS4212.Former DS4203 restructured to DS4322. Adult and Youth Data files across Waves 1-4 were updated to improve the clarity and consistency of variable labels, as well as to reflect the withdrawn participants (indicated by Special Missing -97777). Documentation was updated for 508 compliance at this time.Wave 1 and Wave 2 Adult data files were updated to include 11 Lifetime Threshold of Use Derived Variables. Wave 1 Youth data files were updated to include 1 Lifetime Threshold of Use Derived Variable. Wave 3 Youth data files were updated to include 8 Lifetime Threshold of Use Derived variables.","2019-05-30 2019-04-08 Data and documentation for the Master linkage file was updated. Wave 4 Adult and Youth Questionnaire and Weight data files have been added.","2019-02-01 Updating to include public codebooks for Wave 1 Adult and Youth State Identifier data files and the Master linkage file and the public User Guide for the State Identifier Restricted-Use Files.","2019-02-01 Wave 1 Adult and Youth State Identifier data files were added to the collection. Data and documentation for the Master linkage file was updated.","2018-10-01 2018-09-28 Data and documentation for the Master linkage file was updated. The Nonresponse Bias Analysis Report is now included for Wave 3.","2018-05-01 Wave 3 Adult and Youth data files were added to the collection. Wave 1 and Wave 2 Adult and Youth data files were updated to improve the clarity and consistency of variable labels, especially in the Nicotine Dependence section.A new variable was added to Wave 1 and Wave 2 Adult data - R0#_ND_DATA_ROUTE. A second variable was added to the Wave 2 Adult data - R02R_A_P12M_BLUNTONLY_GRILLO. An additional 18 derived variables in the Wave 2 Adult data were revised and replaced the original variables. The newly named variables possess the original name, but also contain \"_REV\" at the end of the variable name.A skip error was identified in the Wave 2 Adult instrument,\nwhich resulted in some respondents being asked two questions when they should not have been. Therefore,\nthe affected items, R02_AG0100CG and R02_AG0100FC, contain some extra data. Notes were added to the annotated instrument and codebook to describe the issue.The User Guide and Questionnaires were also updated to improve understanding of the data files. A Nonresponse Bias Analysis report is now included for Wave 2.","2018-02-15 The citation of this study may have changed due to the new version control system that has been implemented. The previous citation was: United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Drug Abuse, and United States Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Tobacco Products. Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study [United States] Restricted-Use Files. ICPSR36231-v31. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2022-11-09. ","2017-06-19 The Wave 1 and Wave 2 data files, for both Adults and Youth, were updated to correct minor errors along with the questionnaires to correct minor typos and clarify specifications.","2017-04-27 A minor revision was made to the both the English and Spanish versions of the Wave 1 Adult questionnaire. The User Guide was also updated. Two Excel crosswalks, one for Adults and one for Youth, were added to the available documentation to highlight the differences between the Wave 1 and Wave 2 files.","2017-04-03 An update was made to internal files to correct an issue with how missing values are displayed online through ICPSR's variables database.","2017-03-23 Minor revisions were made to the Missing Values Code table within the User Guide and both Codebooks for Wave 2.","2017-03-15 Data from Wave 2 of the study were added to the collection. The User Guide and Master Tobacco Brand and Product Code Guide were expanded to include information for Wave 2.","2017-01-31 The variable R01X_CB_REGION in both the Wave 1 Adult and Youth/Parent files was updated to correct an error in the value labels. The values for codes 2 and 3 had been inadvertently swapped. The data did not change; only the value labels for codes 2 and 3 have been corrected.","2016-11-28 An additional 40 derived variables were added to the end of the Wave 1 Youth / Parent file that are similar to those already in the Wave 1 Adult file. Information for individuals who withdrew from the study is denoted in the datasets by the special missing value -97777. Spanish versions of the annotated instruments are also now available.","2016-05-24 The study's title changed with the removal of the year range. The Informed Consent Document and Non-Response Bias Analysis Report were changed from being study level files to being a part of the Wave 1 (DS1001 and DS1002) specific documentation.","2016-04-22 An additional documentation file (Non-response_Report) was added to the collection.","2016-04-20 Updated the file names only for the two study level documentation files (Informed_Consent and Tobacco_Brand) so that each file was easily identified and distinguishable from the other. No change was made to the content in either file.","2016-04-18 Coding was updated for the sexual attraction variables. The questionnaires were revised to enhance the clarity of the ASK statements. The PDF codebooks now contain full question text from the questionnaires. Lastly, the PATH Study Master Tobacco Brand and Product Code Guide and an Informed Consent Document were also released.","2016-01-13 PDF codebooks were released without question text. The codebooks will be updated in the near future that includes question text.","2015-12-19 ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes."],"variableDescription":"In Wave 1, Wave 2, Wave 3, Wave 4, and Wave 5, adults and youth were asked about the following types of tobacco products:\n\n\nCigarettes\nE-cigarettes/Electronic nicotine products\nCigars (traditional, cigarillos, filtered)\nPipe tobacco\nHookah\nSmokeless tobacco (snus pouches and other forms of smokeless tobacco)\nDissolvable tobacco\nBidis and kreteks (youth only)\n\n\nAlthough each section on tobacco products has some unique questions, most questions fit into one of the following categories:\n\nEver use\nRecency of use\nFrequency of use\nAmount of use\nBrands used\nPurchase details\nUse of flavored products\nHarm and addictiveness\nReasons for use\n\nAdditional topics, in at least one wave, include:\n\nPoly use\nNicotine dependence\nPackaging and health warnings\nRisk and harm perceptions\nSecondhand smoke exposure\nMarketing and advertising\nMedia use\nDemographics\nHealth\nPsychosocial and mental health\nSubstance use\nCessation\nPeer and family influences\n\n\nMost questions asked in the questionnaires are categorical. Other questions ask, for example, the age at which something occurred or the person's body measurements. Responses to these questions are numerical.","geogUnit":"Census Region; Census Division","collectionDates":["2013-09 -- 2014-12 (Wave 1)","2014-10 -- 2015-10 (Wave 2)","2015-10 -- 2016-10 (Wave 3)","2016-12 -- 2018-01 (Wave 4)","2018-12 -- 2019-11 (Wave 5)"],"universe":"Users and non-users of tobacco products in the civilian,\nnon-institutionalized household population of the United States aged 9 and older at the time of Wave 1 (Wave 1 Cohort); Users and non-users of tobacco products in the civilian, non-institutionalized household population of the United States aged 10 and older at the time of Wave 4 (Wave 4 Cohort)","respRate":"The response rates for the Wave 1 Cohort of the PATH Study are shown below.\nThe Wave 1 interview rates are conditional on completion of the Wave 1 screener. The response rates for Waves 2, 3, 4, and 5 are conditional on Wave 1 participation.\nWave 1 Household screener: 54.0 percent (weighted)\nWave 1 Adult Interview: 74.0 percent (weighted)\nWave 1 Youth Interview: 78.4 percent (weighted)\nWave 2 Adult Interview: 83.2 percent (weighted)\nWave 2 Youth Interview: 87.3 percent (weighted)\nWave 3 Adult Interview: 78.4 percent (weighted)\nWave 3 Youth Interview: 83.3 percent (weighted)\nWave 4 Adult Interview: 73.5 percent (weighted)\nWave 4 Youth Interview: 79.5 percent (weighted)\nWave 5 Adult Interview: 69.4 percent (weighted)\nWave 5 Youth Interview: 72.3 percent (weighted)\n\nThe response rates for the adults and youth in the Wave 4 replenishment sample are shown below. The Wave 4 interview rates for the adults and youth in this sample are conditional on completion of the Wave 4 screener.\nWave 4 Household screener (for households in which youth and adults were recruited): 52.8 percent (weighted)\nWave 4 Adult Interview: 68.0 percent (weighted)\nWave 4 Youth Interview: 70.6 percent (weighted)\nThe response rates for the Wave 4 Cohort of the PATH Study are shown below. The response rates for Wave 5 are conditional on interview response or shadow youth participation at Wave 4 (for replenishment sample members selected as shadow youth).\nWave 5 Adult Interview: 88.0 percent (weighted)\nWave 5 Youth Interview: 83.5 percent (weighted)>\nPlease consult the Restricted-Use Files User Guide for further information regarding response rates.","location":["United States"],"fundingSources":["funderName":"United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Drug Abuse","fundingSourceId":"erogg","display":"United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Drug Abuse","grantNo":"","funderName":"United States Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Tobacco Products","fundingSourceId":"B7ftD","display":"United States Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Tobacco Products","grantNo":""],"accessRights":"Users are reminded that these data are to be used solely for statistical analysis and reporting of aggregated information, and not for the investigation of specific individuals or organizations.Access to these data is restricted. Users interested in obtaining these data must complete a Restricted Data Use Agreement. Data are provided via ICPSR's Virtual Data Enclave (VDE). Apply for access to these data through the ICPSR VDE portal. Information and instructions are available within the data portal. For further assistance please reference the VDE Guide to learn about the application process, about using the VDE, and how to request disclosure review of VDE output.","timePeriods":["2013 -- 2014 (Wave 1)","2014 -- 2015 (Wave 2)","2015 -- 2016 (Wave 3)","2016 -- 2018 (Wave 4)","2018 -- 2019 (Wave 5)"];variables.path = "/pcms/studies/0/3/6/2/36231/V31";variables.userEmail = "";onLoad(variables););$(document).ready(function() $(".navbar-toggle").click(function() $(this).toggleClass("active"))); $(document).ready(function()var url = ' -alerts?site=nahdap';var message = '';$.getJSON(url).done(function(data) if(data.length>0)data = data.slice(0, 1);$.each( data, function( i, item ) message += '';message += '' + item.Message + '';message += ''; ); $('.archonnex-alert-message-wrapper').prepend(message); ).fail(function() console.log( "No response from cms." ); ););$(window).on('load', function () if(document.body.contains(document.getElementById('archonnex-alert-message')))$('.archonnex-alert-message-wrapper').addClass('addABorder'); );Skip to Main Content Search Toggle navigation Log In/Create Account
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Deposit DataTraining and SupportAboutHelpContact Us Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study [United States] Restricted-Use Files (ICPSR 36231)Version Date: Nov 9, 2022 View help for published 2ff7e9595c
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